Table 1

Forest degradation activities and their degree of detection using Landsat-type data, adapted from [44].

Highly Detectable

Detection limited & increasing data/effort

Detection very limited


• Deforestation

• Forest fragmentation

• Recent slash-and-burn agriculture

• Major canopy fires

• Major roads

• Conversion to tree monoculture

• Hydroelectric dams and other forms of flood disturbances

• Large-scale mining

• Selective logging

• Forest surface fires

• A range of edge-effects

• Oldslash-and-burn agriculture

• Small scale mining

• Unpaved secondary roads (6-20 m wide)

• Selective thinning of canopy trees

• Harvesting of most non-timber plants products

• Low-mechanized selective logging

• Narrow roads (< 6 m wide)

• Understory thinning and clear cutting

• Invasion of exotic species


Herold et al. Carbon Balance and Management 2011 6:13   doi:10.1186/1750-0680-6-13

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